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In the food chain of the natural world, wolves are fairly close to the top. They compete with and kill other top predators, and are killed by other top predators in turn. There is no animal, however, that has a…
Electrical wiring is a key component in everything from power generation, telecommunications, consumer electronics and even the most simple circuitry work. At the core of electrical wires are conductive metals that allow electricity to transfer from point to point: The…
Electromagnetics deals with the interplay between the photons that constitute light waves and electrons, the particles with which these light waves interact. Specifically, light waves have certain universal properties, including a constant speed, and also emit energy, albeit often on…
The distinction between the Celsius and centigrade scales can seem confusing — but the two terms refer to the same scale of measurement, and both use the same degree designation — degrees C. The two scales — Centigrade and Celsius…
There are five major kingdoms of living things: the kingdom Monera, the kingdom Protista, the kingdom Fungi, the kingdom Plantae and the kingdom Animalia. The kingdom Animalia has over 2 million species that share certain characteristics. Most animals fall into…
Biomes are what the University of California Museum of Paleontology calls “the world’s major communities, classified according to the predominant vegetation.” They also are identified by the ways that plants and animals adapt to survive. As the term “grassland biome”…
The ideal gas equation discussed below in Step 4 is sufficient for calculating the pressure of hydrogen gas under normal circumstances. Above 150 psi (ten times normal atmospheric pressure) and the van der Waals equation may need to be invoked…
Many species of birds fly in groups. A group of birds is called a flock or flight of birds. Birds are not the only animals to flock; other animals that practice flocking-type behaviors include fish, locusts and bacteria. Types of…
The varieties of spiders living across the globe inhabit many different environments and have adapted to a number of pressures. Many of these are prey-related, while others are environmental. Spider adaptations have allowed these organisms to hunt, live and procreate…
Distillation is the process used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids with different boiling points. For example, distillation is often used to separate ethanol from water. Distillation and reflux are two lab techniques that use the…
