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The transitions between a material’s solid, liquid and gaseous phases involve large amounts of energy. The energy required for the transition is known as latent heat transfer. Recently, alternative energy researchers have been looking at ways that this latent heat…
Calculating water volume depends on the shape of the vessel containing the water. Volume calculations for a square or rectangular vessel require you know its length, width and depth for entry into the volume equation, V=LWD, where L stands for…
All batteries are electrical storage devices; they store rather than make electricity. Electrical energy is stored or released when the chemicals inside the battery change. The main battery applications are starting battery, which is typically used to start and run…
When you express a fraction in decimal form, it may be accurate to more places than you need or are able to use. Long decimals are unwieldy, so scientists often round them to make them easier to handle, even though…
If you have an equation **y = f(x)**, its solution set is the collection of x and y values – often written in the form (x, y) – that make the equation true. In other words, they make the right…
Electroplating is a process where the ions of a metal are transferred by an electric field in a solution to coat a conductive object. Cheaper metals like copper can be electroplated with silver, nickel or gold to give them a…
According to the dictionary, a map scale is defined as “a ratio which compares a measurement on a map to the actual distance between locations identified on the map.” Since it would be virtually impossible to create a life-size map,…
Turtles sleep, but their sleep is different than the sleep humans experience. It is more like a resting state. Many turtles, tortoises and terrapins appear to sleep during a daily cycle. They pick a secluded spot with a constant, acceptable…
Rocks come in a variety of shapes, sizes and compositions. Sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks relate to each other as different stages in the rock cycle. Differentiating one type of rock from another sometimes depends on subtle differences in characteristics.…
An ecosystem is a community of organisms that live and interact within a particular environment. In an aquatic ecosystem, that environment is water, and all the plants and animals in the system live either in, on or around that water.…
