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Hydrogen peroxide is the byproduct of numerous biological processes, and to break down this molecule, the body uses an enzyme called catalase. Like most enzymes, the activity of catalase is highly dependent on temperature. Catalase is most effective at an…
Some chemical reactions are known as reversible reactions because they can go in two directions: forward and reverse. These reactions happen simultaneously and never stop, so they are also called dynamic reactions. A reaction is at equilibrium when the rate…
Landforms come in many varieties across the planet, ranging from small hills to large mountains and continental shelves. Continuous geological activity constantly alters the landscapes of the planet, although the changes are usually too slow for individuals to notice over…
Whether looking at distant objects on Earth or at the stars in space, all telescopes operate under the same principles. They gather light from a distant source and reflect or bend it, focusing it into an eyepiece. Telescopes that use…
The term “lineal footage” refers to the square footage of long, narrow objects. The proper term for this is “linear footage” because “lineal” refers to ancestry, but many people use the terms interchangeably. A board that measures 2 linear feet,…
Catfish and Tilapia–the common name for several species of Cichlid–are household names for many people, particularly those who own pet fish. Most home aquariums contain at least one type of Catfish (usually a gentle-natured Plecostomus), while Cichlid are popular breeding…
Clams and scallops are bivalves, a class of mollusks. This form of life first appeared in the late Cambrian Period, about 400 million years ago. Bivalves have two shells, hinged at one end, which can be closed tightly when under…
An object accelerates toward the Earth at a rate of 32 feet per second per second, or 32 ft/s², irrespective of its mass. Scientists refer to this as the acceleration due to gravity. The concept of G’s, or “G-forces,” refers…
Improvement percentage is the ratio of positive change from one number to a higher number, as expressed by a percentage. Accountants use improvement percentage to measure increases in income, profit and expenses. Athletes use improvement percentage to measure increased speed,…
Four types of mathematical solids have bases: cylinders, prisms, cones and pyramids. Cylinders have two circular or elliptical bases, while prisms have two polygonal bases. Cones and pyramids are similar to cylinders and prisms but have only single bases, with…
