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Stars such as the sun are large balls of plasma that inevitably fill the space around them with light and heat. Stars come in a variety of masses, and mass determines how hot the star will burn and how it…
Amethysts are semiprecious stones in the quartz family. They are tinted lavender to deep purple by the addition of manganese and iron impurities to the quartz. Amethysts, the most valuable of the quartz gems, is designated as the February birthstone.…
Each chemical compound contains a combination of atoms, and one way to understand theoretical percent is to equate it to the percentage of a particular element in a compound. This percentage isn’t based on numbers of atoms, but on the…
A rectangle has two sets of congruent sides. The width is the shorter dimension of a rectangle and the measurement of one of the two longer sides is the length. Width is also used informally to refer to the circumference…
Most people who live in snowy climates know about rock salt from winter driving and the clearing of driveways and sidewalks. Rock salt is a white, slightly-opaque crystal that is spread over walking and driving areas to melt snow and…
There are more than 200 species of squirrels (family Sciuridae) around the world. The smallest squirrel species, like the African pygmy squirrel (Myosciurus pumilio) weigh only half a pound and measure five inches long. The black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolour)…
The Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America are split into several different provinces by geologic character. Among these is the Appalachian Plateau province, which, like the other sections of this ancient mountain belt, contains significant biodiversity. Description The broader Appalachian…
While sugar and salt may look similar, they are quite different. Various sugars are naturally occurring, but the term “sugar” usually refers to sucrose, which is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose. Similarly, there are many different kinds of…
The world consists of different biomes, which are regions with similar climates, animals and plants. The five major types of biomes are aquatic, desert, forest, grassland and tundra. These can be split further. For example, savanna grassland and temperate grassland…
According to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation — responsible for protecting New York State’s wild animal and plant populations — native New York animals include the bald eagle, black bear, blue jay, bob cat, eastern chipmunk, gray…
