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Discovering a fossil can feel like stumbling upon a great treasure and it really is quite a special find. Fossils can be formed from animal bones, leaves and shells, they are naturally formed and they are a pressing or an…
Two objects may appear identical in size and shape, yet one weighs considerably more than the other. The simple explanation is that the heavier object is denser. An object’s density tells us how much it weighs for a certain size.…
Of the 24 species and five subspecies of sturgeon, nine (the shovelnose, lake, green, pallid, Atlantic, white, gulf, shortnose and a rare sturgeon found only in Alabama) reside in waters of North America. These bony fish are covered in five…
Gold is probably the most treasured of the so-called precious metals, having been used in art and jewelry for centuries and more recently finding applications in medicine, coins and elsewhere. Muriatic acid, better known today as hydrochloric acid, is a…
Your mind can often play tricks on you, especially when confronted with optical illusions. An example of such an illusion is the well-known young lady and old hag illusion, in which an image of a young woman also appears to…
Reptiles come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny geckos to mammoth dinosaurs. Their reproductive methods and behaviors generally differ greatly from mammals, though there are some similarities. Among reptiles, differences in courtship rituals and reproduction can be quite different…
In the late 1600s, Sir Isaac Newton published “Principia Mathematica,” a book that connected the worlds of math and physics. Among other important ideas, he described the second law of motion – that force is equal to mass times acceleration…
Horseflies – and their relatives, the deer fly and the yellow fly – are loathed pests in the summer months that they use as their mating season. Though only the female flies of each species drink blood, the large insects’…
Animals that eat meat only – or at least mostly meat – are broadly classified as carnivores, a general ecological category alongside herbivores (plant-eaters), omnivores (which consume both plant and animal matter) and detritivores (organisms that break down dead organic…
Every time a clock’s second hand ticks, the sun converts four million tons of mass into energy. Because it’s millions of miles away, the sun won’t vaporize the planet, but it can help you bake a tasty pizza. You won’t…
