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Iron oxide, a reddish-brown compound, is normally referred to as rust. It forms when iron and oxygen react in water or in moisture in the air. The reaction of iron and chloride underwater is also referred to as rust. Certain…
The Ancient Egyptians famously farmed the black soils of the Nile Delta: an area with little rainfall that was irrigated by seasonal floodwaters. In the Nile flood plains, the highest ground was considered the best for agriculture. Ancient farmers dwelling…
Understanding the different mechanisms of heat transfer is important for physics, meteorology and geography students. For the most part, the differences are easy to understand. However, one common point of confusion is the distinction between convection and advection. Upon first…
Giant pandas do not communicate the way other animals do. A panda’s face cannot display facial expressions. With no crest or mane, there is nothing to stand upright. Ears aren’t tall enough to cock forward, and tails are too stubby.…
Situated mainly between the busy metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and Las Vegas, the Mojave Desert spreads across parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona and one-quarter of the state of California. Perched at elevations of 609 meters (2,000 feet) to 1,524…
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum encompasses all wave frequencies, including radio, visible light and X-rays. All EM waves are made up of photons that travel through space until they interact with matter; some waves are absorbed and others are reflected. Though…
Cen-Tech manufactures several different digital multimeters, but you don’t need separate instructions for each one. If you know how to use the inexpensive 98025 seven-function model, you can use all the others. The seven functions refer to this model’s ability…
Every winter, icy precipitation falls from the sky and appears to accumulate as layers of fluffy, white powder. Snowy weather can cancel school and gives most adults a good reason to stay home from work, but it also makes driving…
Rock salt is a hardened version of common salt also known as halite, a name that comes for the Greek “halos” meaning “salt’ and “lithos” meaning “rock.” While found in a solid form the mineral is chemically the same as…
If you’ve entered an egg-drop contest, there are basically two strategies you can use to help that egg survive a fall. The first is to cushion the impact, and the second is to reduce the speed of the fall. If…
