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Science & Technology

Calculating Percent Transmittance Note: No need for numbering

Calculating Percent Transmittance Note: No need for numbering

Sir Isaac Newton published his first paper on optics in 1672, and since then, his work on understanding color became the foundation of scientific studies of light. This lead to greater understanding of the composition of stars, the atmospheres of…

Exploring the Trophic Levels in the Savanna

Exploring the Trophic Levels in the Savanna

Savannas are diverse biomes located between rain forests and deserts on either side of the equator — usually, Africa’s Serengeti Plain and other grasslands come to mind. The savanna is known as the cerrado in Brazil, the llanos in Venezuela…

Circuit Breakers Compatible with ITE

Circuit Breakers Compatible with ITE

When it comes time to replace an old breaker in an electrical panel, problems do arise. The panel may be obsolete or not well-known, and no longer manufactured. Since breakers are not interchangeable from brand to brand, just finding a…

Calculating Acceleration Considering Friction

Calculating Acceleration Considering Friction

As a force that opposes motion, friction always reduces acceleration. Friction occurs between the interaction of an object against a surface. Its magnitude depends on the characteristics of both the surface and the object, and whether the object is moving…

Identifying Stages of Mitosis in Cells Under a Microscope

Identifying Stages of Mitosis in Cells Under a Microscope

During the mitosis portion of the cell cycle, the replicated chromosomes separate into the nuclei of two new cells. To make this happen, the cell relies on the centrosome organelles at either pole of the dividing cell. These organelles use…

The Nature of Gravity Understanding Its Characteristics

The Nature of Gravity Understanding Its Characteristics

If gravity ever stops working, incredible things will happen. For instance, everything not attached to the earth flies off into space, all the planets break free from the sun’s pull and the universe as you know it ceases to exist.…

Calculating Lighting Load

Calculating Lighting Load

Calculating lighting load relies on a single equation, watts = volts x amps, described mathematically with the following relationship: (text{watts} = text{volts} times text{amps} implies P = V times I) where ‌P‌ is power (measured in watts), ‌V‌ is voltage…

Converting 208V Three-Phase to 120V

Converting 208V Three-Phase to 120V

Three-phase systems are prevalent throughout power distribution systems. Each system include 3 separate lines where each line carries the same voltage, which is called the phase voltage. This also means the voltage measured between any two phase conductors will be…

Understanding Forensic Botany

Understanding Forensic Botany

Botany, in its simplest use, is the study of plants. Forensics is the application of scientific techniques to the investigation of crime. Forensic botany is thus defined as the use of plants and plant parts — including as pollen, seeds,…

Differences Between Cow Eyes and Human Eyes

Differences Between Cow Eyes and Human Eyes

The eyeballs of humans and the eyeballs of cows have a similar structure overall. Both have the sclera, which is the white part of the eyeball, cornea or the clear structure over the iris and pupil, lens, vitreous fluid, retina…