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An improper fraction is defined as a fraction whose numerator (top number) is greater than or equal to the denominator (bottom number). This is also called being “top-heavy.” An improper fraction is most often turned into a mixed number with…
Science fair projects are good opportunities for students to get creative and demonstrate what they have learned to teachers, parents and fellow students. If you’re set on using cookies in your science fair project, you can choose from a variety…
To understand how pH paper works, it helps to understand what pH is. The term stands for potential hydrogen and is a measurement of how many hydrogen ions, symbolized by H+, are in a solution. The more ions, the more…
The sunlight zone of the ocean is the most ripe with both plant and animal life. Reaching to a depth of 650 feet, the sunlight zone is penetrated by enough sunlight that plants can conduct the life processes necessary to…
The carbonate ion (CO3) has a valency of -2 and forms compounds with sodium (Na), which has a valency of +1, and calcium (Ca), which has a valency of +2. The resulting compounds are sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and calcium carbonate…
Your GPA, or grade point average, is a way of quickly summarizing your academic performance. As the name implies, you get a GPA by assigning a point value to each grade, and then calculating the average of those points. While…
In the science of measuring things, “accuracy” refers to the difference between a measurement taken by a measuring tool and an actual value. For instance, a thermometer reading of 60 degrees Fahrenheit when the actual temperature is 62 degrees Fahrenheit…
Everything on Earth is made up of atoms and studying atoms is an important part of science. Knowing how to draw an atomic model can increase understanding of how atoms work. Atoms play a role in all areas of scientific…
To understand how to calculate H3O from OH, and how to calculate OH from H3O, it is helpful to understand the balance between these two ions. An aqueous solution is a solution in which water is the solvent. Water molecules…
The word “tundra” translates to “treeless heights” and means ecosystems that have no trees and cold temperatures. Tundra exists in Alaska’s northern and western coasts. Climate The Alaskan tundra boasts an average annual temperature colder than five degrees Fahrenheit and…
