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Fossils are the foundation for scientists’ understanding of the history of Earth and all life on it. Everything humans know about dinosaurs, earlier species of hominids, and all other extinct species began with the discovery of fossils. Much of what…
Gazelles are a type of antelope found in the grasslands and savannah of Africa, as well as parts of the Middle East, India and central Asia. They eat grasses and generally live in herds. Gazelles are extremely important prey animals,…
Adsorption is a phenomenon in which molecules of gas, liquid or solid become attached to a solid surface. Intermolecular forces attract the molecules, causing them to cling to the surface. Adsorption and absorption differ in that the latter is about…
Calculus, defined as the mathematical study of change, was developed independently by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz in the 17th century. Engineering is defined as “the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained…
In the physics world, velocity (v), position (x), acceleration (a) and time (t) are the four key ingredients in solving equations of motion. You may get the acceleration, initial velocity (v0) and elapsed time of a particle and have to…
An oxidation-reduction reaction, or “redox” reaction for short, involves the exchange of electrons between atoms. In order to determine what happens to which elements in a redox reaction, you must determine the oxidation numbers for each atom before and after…
Your weight is a measure of the amount of gravity exerted on your body by the planet Earth. If you travel to a different planet or celestial body, such as the moon, your weight changes if the gravity is different.…
A delicate machine, the body subtly reacts to the environment without you even noticing most of the time. Sometimes, though, the effect of stimuli like cold can produce changes in the body that seem more apparent. For example, some people…
The net weight of an item is its total weight (known as the gross weight) minus the weight of any containers or packaging the item is in (known as the tare weight). For example, the net weight of a tin…
The electrical charge that runs through anything, from an AA battery to a lightning bolt, is measured in coulombs. If you know the current flow in a circuit and how long it flows for, you can calculate the electrical charge…
