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The conversion of joules (j) to moles (mol) commonly is calculated when measuring the energy changes during chemical reactions. A joule is a measure of energy; a mole is a measure of mass. If a chemical reaction produces a certain…
Earthquakes, or tremors, occur when a rapid release of energy beneath the surface of the Earth creates a seismic wave. Earthquakes cause the ground to shake and can trigger tsunamis, landslides, fires, volcanoes and other major disasters. The five stages…
The natural world is infused with curved shapes and lines, and these lines often follow the form of a curved circular arc. Understanding how to calculate the various parts of such an arc is an important mathematical tool in design.…
Though we often consider seeds to be the first stage of new plant life, seeds are only containers, and not all plants reproduce by using them. Like with animals, the foundations of new plant life have less to do with…
If any country knows anything about deserts, it’s Australia. The giant continent is surrounded by water, but nearly one-fifth of the country is considered desert. In fact, it’s the driest inhabited continent on the planet; only Antarctica is drier. Incredibly,…
Dominant species make up a large percentage of living material in certain ecological communities, being more numerous than other species that are found there. This inclination toward dominance occurs when certain species thrive in certain environments due to their compatibility…
Accurate navigation has many important uses, from the relatively simple act of using GPS to safely travel across the city in your car to the more complex navigation of a commercial cruise line across the Atlantic Ocean. Pinpointing your exact…
Amber was known as “elecktron” to the ancient Greeks because rubbing a piece of amber with a soft cloth gives it an electric charge, a rare property among precious stones. The ancient Germans knew amber as “bernstein” (literally, “burn stone”)…
William Herschel first detected infrared light in the eighteenth century. Its nature and properties gradually became known to the scientific world. Infrared light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, like X-rays, radio waves, microwaves and ordinary light that the human…
It is almost impossible to determine whether most caterpillars are male or female. Caterpillars are the juvenile life stage of butterflies and moths — they don’t mate or reproduce. While most are genetically either male or female, their reproductive organs…
