Science & Technology

Miles are units of length, measuring 5,280 feet or eight furlongs, commonly used in the United States and Great Britain. A statute mile is the name given to the definitive measurement used in Britain and America, where the miles referred…

Milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL) is a measurement of a solution’s concentration. In other words, it’s the amount of one substance dissolved in a specific volume of a liquid. For example, a salt water solution of 7.5 mg/mL has 7.5 milligrams…

Landforms are physical features of the earth that have formed without influence from humans. Although the Midwestern region of the United States is generally flat, it contains some major landforms that vary in elevation, such as rolling hills, rising mountains…

How is a seed different from a spore? While both spores and seeds are reproductive structures of plants, there are several distinctions between spores and seeds. There is an alternation of generations in all plants, but seed-bearing plants and spore-bearing…

Petrified fossils result from permineralization, the replacement of once-living matter by minerals. Solutions containing silicates, carbonates, iron or other minerals seep into the gaps and spaces between the cells, first encasing the cells and eventually replacing the cells themselves. Over…

Both quartz and granite are heavy, durable materials used in countertops. The two minerals are very close in density, meaning for the same amount of material, the weight for the minerals themselves is nearly the same. Weight differences in granite…

The oceans are home to a wide variety of species of all shapes and sizes — from the tiny stout infantfish, to the shelled sea turtles, to the 100-foot-long blue whale. Many species in the ocean have evolved to eat…

Scientific calculators have more functionality that business calculators, and one thing they can do that is especially useful for scientists is to calculate exponents. On most calculators, you access this function by typing the base, the exponent key and finally…

Mechanical weathering refers to physical processes that break down the structure of rocks. Mechanical weathering differs from chemical weathering, the process by which rocks are broken down by reactions among chemicals inside and outside the rock. You can observe mechanical…

School science fairs can be horribly dull, with the same experiments appearing before the judges year after year. When you’ve seen one clay volcano belching red goo, you’ve seen them all. Students can give their chances of winning by doing…