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In the extreme cold of the Arctic, decomposers — the organisms that break down dead organic material — work a little differently and a lot more slowly than they do in other climates. There are a number of different kinds…
Starfish (or sea stars) are members of Phylum Echinodermata that are generally predatory and able to move about. They use tube feet on their arms to help them move, and each tube foot contains what is called an ampulla. These…
Volume is the three-dimensional spatial characteristic of an object or container. You can calculate the volume of a penny in one of two ways. The first way is to treat a penny like a small cylinder and calculate the volume…
Probability is the measure of the possibility that a given event will occur. Cumulative probability is the measure of the chance that two or more events will happen. Usually, this consists of events in a sequence, such as flipping “heads”…
Tropical savannas, usually bordering tropical biomes, are rolling grasslands scattered with shrubs and isolated trees. Not enough rain falls on a savanna to support forests. Also called tropical grasslands, they are found in a wide band on either side of…
An ecosystem is the dynamic interaction between living and nonliving things. The size of an ecosystem can be anything from one tree, to the Amazon rain forest, and even the entire Earth. The nonliving, or abiotic, elements of ecosystems are…
If you live in the United States, the United Kingdom or their territories, you’re in one of the only countries that still uses miles as the standard measure for speed and distance. Because most other countries in the world use…
People commonly use the term alkaline for basic solutions, but their meanings are not the same. All alkaline solutions are basic, but not all bases are alkaline. It’s common to refer to the alkalinity of a substance, such as soil,…
Electric power is at the center of modern life, but many people don’t know the basics of it. What’s the difference between the electricity running through the power lines, the electricity in the house and the electricity inside an appliance?…
Worms and caterpillars can, at first glance, look similar to each other. They are small and wriggly. However, worms and caterpillars are entirely different animals. The two can also be confused by everyday naming, in which caterpillars are often called…
