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Science & Technology

Understanding Ocean Swells

Understanding Ocean Swells

What’s the difference between a swell and a wave? A ​sea swell​, meaning a collection of waves produced by storm winds raging hundreds of miles out to sea, is different from ​waves​, which are the product of local winds along…

Understanding the Role of Water in Photosynthesis

Understanding the Role of Water in Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is an important biochemical pathway involving the production of sugar (glucose) from light, water and carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. It is a series of complex biochemical reactions and occurs in higher plants, algae, some bacteria and some photoautotrophs.…

Black Snakes Featuring Yellow Rings in Georgia

Black Snakes Featuring Yellow Rings in Georgia

The hot summers and mild winters of Georgia make it a popular habitat for a large number of snakes. More than 40 species of snakes inhabit the state, several of which are black with yellow rings. Some species have yellow…

Calculating PPM: A Comprehensive Guide

Calculating PPM: A Comprehensive Guide

The number of parts per million (ppm) tells you how much of a specific substance is in a larger mixture. In other words, it’s a measure of concentration and is widely-used in fields like chemistry and even as a measurement…

Methods for Measuring Mass

Methods for Measuring Mass

The mass of an object represents the amount of matter within that object. Measuring mass does not necessarily measure weight, as weight changes depending on the effect of gravity. Mass, however, does not change regardless of where an object is…

Understanding Mold Growth on Food

Understanding Mold Growth on Food

Mold spores are everywhere, and many strains grow on food. The spores anchor in bread, cheese, meat and fruit and grow into fruiting bodies that appear as dark, sometimes fuzzy blotches. Some benign strains, such as Penicillium roqueforti, which grows…

Understanding the Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun

Understanding the Earth's Orbit Around the Sun

Rotation refers to movement or spinning around an axis. The Earth rotates around its own axis, which results in day changing to night and back again. The Earth actually revolves around, or orbits, the sun. One revolution around the sun…

Exploring the Lightest Elements

Exploring the Lightest Elements

Everything you interact with is made of combinations of the chemical elements. The periodic table is the complete list of every element found in nature, arranged so their mass increases from left to right and from top to bottom. Lighter…

How to Enter Fractions on a TI-84 Plus Calculator

How to Enter Fractions on a TI-84 Plus Calculator

Your TI-84 Plus can draw graphs, calculate logarithms and exponents, crunch matrices and even do calculus. The bad news is that with this much power packed into one calculator, there simply isn’t room for every function on the keyboard. Case…

How Do Animals Adapt to Survive in the Taiga?

How Do Animals Adapt to Survive in the Taiga?

Life in the taiga is not easy. The taiga is the second-coldest land biome on Earth, after the frozen and treeless tundra. However, despite the region’s extreme temperatures and heavy snowfall, many animals have adapted to survive and thrive in…