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Science & Technology

Calculating Cumulative Percentages

Calculating Cumulative Percentages

A simple way for remembering a percentage is that it shows a part of the whole. Cumulative percentages add a percentage from one period to the percentage of another period. This calculation is important in statistics because it shows how…

Calculating Horizontal Velocity

Calculating Horizontal Velocity

In physics, when you work on velocity problems, you break the motion into two components, vertical and horizontal. You use vertical velocity for problems that include an angle of trajectory. Horizontal velocity becomes important for objects moving in a horizontal…

Calculating Mole Fraction

Calculating Mole Fraction

When analyzing solutions, chemists measure concentrations of components in moles. The mole fraction of a solute is the ratio of the number of moles of that solute to the total number of moles of solute and solvent in solution. Because…

Calculating the Radius of a Square

Calculating the Radius of a Square

You probably think of a radius as a property of a circle in two dimensions or of a three-dimensional sphere. However, mathematicians also use the term to refer to certain distances in regular polygons. In more casual use, radius of…

Calculating Feet in Acres

Calculating Feet in Acres

The U.S. customary units – that is, the units of measure commonly used in the United States – have four options for length: inches, feet, yards and miles. If you want to measure the area (or two-dimensional space) taken up…

Discovering Isotopes Guidelines for Identification

Discovering Isotopes Guidelines for Identification

Every atom has a certain number of protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive charge, electrons carry a negative charge and neutrons do not carry a charge. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus or central part of the…

The Distinctions Between Porcupines and Hedgehogs

The Distinctions Between Porcupines and Hedgehogs

The porcupine and hedgehog are prickly mammals. They are often confused because they both have sharp, needle-like quills on their body. However, that’s about the only similarity between the two animals. Porcupines and hedgehogs differ in size, defensive behavior, diet…

Understanding Mordants in Microbiology

Understanding Mordants in Microbiology

Microbiology studies microscopic organisms and needs ways to distinguish different types visually. Microbiologists use staining procedures that add color to different types of organisms. These stains are chemicals that are of different colors, but these chemicals do not themselves stick…

Calculating Antilog: A Step-by-Step Guide

Calculating Antilog: A Step-by-Step Guide

Logarithms have proven to be a frequent sticking point for math students over the years. Often, they are part of these students’ introduction to the world of exponents. Many of the concepts aren’t intuitive and don’t necessarily follow from anything…

Writing Fractions in Words

Writing Fractions in Words

Fractions express numbers that are part of a whole typically written numerically, but when you need to write them as words, spell the numbers out and use a dash between the two numerical elements such as five-eighths for 5 Fractions…