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A common practice when purchasing some kind of measurement device, such as a scale or ruler, is to calibrate it. Calibration is important for determining the accuracy of that measurement device. For example, if your friend gives you an old…
The temperate deciduous forest, or TDF, is a biome — that is, a distinct and well-defined community of living things — in which perhaps the most striking feature is the sharp change in leaf color in the fall. “Deciduous” means…
Ferrets, weasels, and stoats, also called ermines, are members of the Mustelid family. They’re closely related to each other as well as to martins, minks, wolverines and otters. Mustelids probably evolved from a carnivore called a miacid during the early…
Matter comes in many different sizes, shapes and colors. Consider chlorine, a yellowish gas, or lead, a gray-black solid, or mercury, a silvery liquid. Three very different elements, each material made of only one kind of atom. The differences in…
The field of biology describes “isolation” as a process by which two species that could otherwise produce hybrid offspring are prevented from doing so. There are five isolation processes that prevent two species from interbreeding: ecological, temporal, behavioral, mechanical/chemical and…
About Oil Derricks The classic oil derrick pump is known colloquially as a sucker rod pump, named for the plunger-like mechanics it uses to pump oil from underground wells up to the surface. It uses a series of gears and…
The tundra is characterized by its freezing temperatures, short summers and sparse rainfall. This climate contributes to the development of landforms unique only to the tundra. Ground moisture is unable to evaporate due to temperature range and is prohibited from…
Insects are the most successful, widespread and prolific members of the animal kingdom. They are members of the phylum Arthropoda, which also includes arachnids, centipedes and crustaceans. All arthropods are invertebrates with exoskeletons and jointed limbs. Two prominent features distinguish…
New York State is home to the bobcat, a wild cat species seen throughout upstate New York. Historically, the Empire State was also the native range of two more wild cat species, the Canada lynx and eastern cougar. However, the…
Ecosystems — biological communities — include living organisms like animals, plants, insects and bacteria, as well as nonliving components like rocks, soil, water and sunlight. Survival of the living organisms in an ecosystem depends upon their adaptability to both the…
