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The logarithm of a number is the power to which the base must be raised in order to obtain this number; for example, the logarithm of 25 with the base 5 is 2 since 52 equals 25. “Ln” stands for…
Cats make interesting and effective test subjects for school science projects. Since many people own cats as pets – or know others who do – students can easily access these furry test subjects. Make sure you have a parent around…
An old saying tells us that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”. A fancier way of saying this is with the term emergent properties, a term used in science, systems theory, philosophy, urban studies and even…
The concept of proportion is probably familiar to you, but you might not be able to write a strict mathematical definition for it. For example, you might recognize that a 10-year-old is smaller than a normal-sized adult in the same…
The mean and sample mean are both measures of central tendency. They measure the average of a set of values. For example, the mean height of fourth graders is an average of all the varying heights of fourth grade students.…
Grasslands can be found on almost every continent, and as their name suggests, they are the areas where the most plentiful form of vegetation is grasses. Temperate grasslands are also known as prairies or steppes, and while these temperate grasslands…
Whereas the imperial system of measurements uses at least three units for volume, the metric system has only one: the liter. It’s defined variously as the volume of a kilogram of water at 4 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure, as…
Lentic ecosystem (also called the lacustrine ecosystem or the still water ecosystem) and lotic ecosystem (also called the riverine ecosystem) are two types of water ecosystems, the first dealing with still water ecosystems and the second dealing with flowing water…
Calculating probability with percentages is a common topic learned in the K-12 years and is useful throughout your life. You will often hear statements like “You have a 50 percent chance of winning” or “35 percent of drivers have beverages…
When you’re working with solutions in chemistry, expressing the concentration of one component relative to the whole mixture is essential. A lot of the time, you’ll be able to use more “everyday” measures like percent to convey the strength of…
