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Atoms join together with chemical bonds by sharing electrons. This is based on how many electrons a given element has filling its electron clouds. However many electrons there are in the outermost electron cloud that are available for sharing is…
Polygons are mathematical concepts dealing with straight-line geometric figures. Polygons include shapes such as pentagons, hexagons, and octagons. Polygons can be considered convex, concave, or regular. Polygons can share more than one characteristic. For example, a regular pentagon is also…
Mo-Ti, a Chinese philosopher who lived from 470 B.C. to 390 B.C., invented the first camera, which he called the “locked treasure room.” His idea refers to what we call a pinhole camera. Aristotle embraced this novel idea 50 years…
Egg drop projects teach students to use logic and teamwork to protect their eggs from a fall. There are a variety of ways to conduct an egg drop. Begin by explaining the process and handing out eggs to the students.…
A battery converts chemical energy into electricity, and a solar cell produces electricity from the sun’s energy, but if you want to produce electricity from mechanical energy, you need an induction generator. These generators can be small enough to power…
Tin, abbreviated Sn on the periodic table, has multiple forms or allotropes. The one used commercially, white tin, is paramagnetic, meaning that it does not create a magnetic field of its own but is magnetized in the presence of external…
Materials float or sink based mainly on density. Since ice cubes are slightly less dense than water, ice cubes float in water. Since steel is less dense than mercury but denser than water, a steel ball bearing floats in liquid…
Calculating how many grams of a substance that you have is important for successfully completing experiments in the laboratory and for solving chemistry problems. The number of grams refers to the mass of the compound. When you are presented with…
If you know the length and width of a rectangle, you can figure out its area. These two quantities are independent, though, so you can’t do a reverse calculation and determine both of them if you know only the area.…
The Imperial measurement system can be downright cumbersome, and nothing illustrates this more than its unit of volume, the gallon. No matter what units you use to measure dimensions, you always have an extra step after calculating volume if you…
