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Science & Technology

Understanding the Heat of the Thermosphere

Understanding the Heat of the Thermosphere

The thermosphere is the highest section of the Earth’s atmosphere. It starts about 53 miles above sea level and extends to between 311 to 621 miles. The exact extent of the thermosphere varies, as it swells and contracts based on…

Squaring a Fraction with a Variable

Squaring a Fraction with a Variable

Squaring a number, or algebraic expression that contains a variable, means multiplying it by itself. Squaring numbers can be done in your head or on a calculator to get an actual answer, while squaring algebraic expressions is part of simplifying…

Exploring the Surface Terrain of Jupiter

Exploring the Surface Terrain of Jupiter

Of the nine planets in our solar system, Jupiter is the largest and is part of a group known as the gas giants. It is the fifth planet from the Sun, with an orbit of around 500 million miles, which…

Fascinating Insights into Ecosystems

Fascinating Insights into Ecosystems

Ecosystems are complex communities of organisms and inanimate materials that interact to support the living things within the ecosystem. Ecosystems typically contain plants and animals that eat, reproduce, compete and engage in many other complicated interactions. As a result, the…

Creating Hard Water

Creating Hard Water

Hardness in water is a primary concern for industries, households and municipal water systems. The hardness in water when present in quantities above the desired level cause problems like scaling, decreased action of detergents and frequent corrosion. Besides these problems,…

Determining the Age of a Seashell

Determining the Age of a Seashell

Seashells can continue to grow throughout the life of the creature inhabiting them, which can be a long time–Bangor University found evidence of a 400-year-old clam. Scientists have established methods to determine the life span of certain mollusks residing in…

Creating a Genuine Equation

Creating a Genuine Equation

A true equation is a mathematically accurate equation. A false equation is an incorrect equation; it says something erroneous or untrue. For example, 2 = 3 is a false equation, because 2 and 3 are different numerical values. To make…

Plants That Thrive in Cave Environments

Plants That Thrive in Cave Environments

By their very nature, caves are generally dark environments. Since plants rely upon ​photosynthesis​ (a process that requires sunlight) to make food, they are not typically found in the darkest parts of a cave. You might wonder if there are…

Distinguishing Between Male and Female Crickets

Distinguishing Between Male and Female Crickets

Cricket anatomy is similar to grasshoppers and katydids – all of these insects are members of the order Orthoptera. Orthopterans have chewing mouthparts and three sets of legs, with the back two being longer and stronger to help them jump.…

Exploring the Habitats of Pine Trees

Exploring the Habitats of Pine Trees

Pines are a subgroup of the conifers, which includes all cone-bearing trees. The pines can be distinguished by their whorled clumps of needles that meet at a single point of attachment to the tree and their unique pine cones, which…