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Science & Technology

What Type of Tree Produces Cones?

What Type of Tree Produces Cones?

All trees with needles have cones, and most trees with cones and needles are evergreens—but not all of them. Hundreds of species of trees with cones are found throughout the world, and these trees are known as conifers. Features Conifers…

Finding the Volume of a Semicircle

Finding the Volume of a Semicircle

Because a semicircle is a two-dimensional shape, it has an area rather than volume. You might need to know the area of a semicircle if you want to paint a semicircular area or if you want to lay sod in…

Insights on California’s Four Regions

Insights on California's Four Regions

California is the most populous state in the United States and, with a total area of 158,706 square miles, it’s the third largest state after Alaska and Texas. The geographical diversity within its borders, arguably unmatched by any other state,…

What Types of Trees Are Found in the Jungle?

What Types of Trees Are Found in the Jungle?

Jungles evoke images of steamy, densely overgrown forests with twisted vegetation and monkeys that swing from tree to tree. Although many ecologists strictly use the term to describe low forests with thick, tangled understories, popular usage equates jungle with tropical…

How Does Sugar Affect Ice Melting?

How Does Sugar Affect Ice Melting?

It’s common practice to spread ice on roadways to melt winter ice, but in the absence of ice, you could also use sugar. In fact, you could use any substance that dissolves in water. Sugar wouldn’t work as well as…

Calculating Success Rate

Calculating Success Rate

You might want to measure your success rate in many cases: Maybe you’re submitting job applications, fine-tuning your sales pitches, or want to know what percentage of your class passed their end-of-year exams. Either way, finding the success rate takes…

Determining the Oxidation State of CH4

Determining the Oxidation State of CH4

The concept of oxidation in chemistry is a somewhat confusing one, mostly because it predates an understanding of the structure of the atom and how chemical reactions occur. The term originated when chemists were analyzing reactions involving oxygen, which was…

Converting SCFM to CFM

Converting SCFM to CFM

Manufacturers of heating and cooling equipment express air exchange capacity in Cubic Feet per Minute (CFM), but this number varies according to the temperature and pressure of the air being exchanged. Partly for the sake of comparing products, manufacturers sometimes…

Understanding Degrees of Freedom in Chi-Square Tests

Understanding Degrees of Freedom in Chi-Square Tests

Statistics is the study of probability used to determine the likelihood of an event occurring. There are many different ways to test probability and statistics, with one of the most well known being the Chi-Square test. Like any statistics test,…

Distinguishing Between Dolphin Fish and Dolphin Mammals

Distinguishing Between Dolphin Fish and Dolphin Mammals

Dolphin fish and dolphins make their home in the same tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. They are large, predatory, fast-swimming ocean-dwellers. However, that’s where the similarities end. Dolphins are more closely related to humans…