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Approximately 20,000 different species of bees exist worldwide, occupying every habitat that contains flowering plants. Bees live in a symbiotic relationship with flowers, having evolved a long tongue or proboscis for lapping up nectar. Many bees are social insects, living…
Kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the rate of chemical reactions. In contrast, thermodynamics tells us which direction of the reaction is favored, without revealing its reaction rate. Some reactions can be thermodynamically favored but kinetically unfavored.…
What are geodes? Geodes are hollow rocks lined with crystals, often colorful and irregularly shaped. The outer shell of a geode is usually bumpy or rough, and the general shape tends to be spherical or oblong. Geode crystals are made…
California is home to a wide range of different landscapes and ecosystems, including desert. It has particularly extensive desert in the southern part of the state near the Mexican border. Here the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts merge to form an…
Using a graphing calculator is a fast and effective way to identify the X and Y intercepts of a function. Using the built-in tools allows you to find the intercepts without doing the algebra. Step 1 Enter the equation. Press…
Density (D) is a quantity defined as mass (m) per unit volume (v): D = m ÷ v. Since these three quantities are related, you can find one of them if you know the other two. This is more helpful…
The Atlantic Ocean teems with life of all kinds. While the animals of the Atlantic Ocean garner much attention, there are also many varieties of plants and plantlike organisms. These Atlantic plants play essential roles for animals in different ocean…
Doves are small, stocky birds belonging to the pigeon family and are known for their low, soft cooing. Some, like the mourning dove are native to the United States, whereas others, such as the white-winged dove, were introduced by human…
Divide the watts of a given electrical item by the total number of volts available from the electric outlet to calculate amperage draw. The amount of current flowing through the wire is measured in amperes, or amps. The equivalent of…
Carburetor cleaners are either single-can aerosols or come in gallon-sized portions. The toxicity of a carburetor cleaner’s main ingredients, by themselves, makes this cocktail a hazardous material, requiring educated and careful use. Each of the cleaner’s ingredients derive from petroleum,…
